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Wallets and similar software technically handle all of bitcoins as equivalent, establishing the basic level of fungibility. Researchers have pointed out that the history of every bitcoin is enrolled and publicly accessible in the blockchain ledger, and that some users might refuse to take bitcoins coming from controversial transactions, which would damage bitcoin's fungibility.121.

The blocks in the blockchain were originally confined to 32 megabytes in size. The block size limit of one megabyte was introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2010. Eventually the block size limitation of one megabyte created problems for transaction processing, such as increasing transaction fees and delayed processing of transactions.122

On 24 August 2017 (at block 481,824), Segregated Witness (SegWit) went live. Transactions contain some data that is only utilized to check the transaction, and does not otherwise effect the movement of coins. SegWit introduced a new transaction format which moved this information into a new area in a backwards-compatible way.

This enhances the size of their average transaction in such nodes' perspective, thus increasing the block size without incurring the tricky fork signaled by additional proposals for block size increases. Consequently, per computer scientist Jochen Hoenicke, the true block capacity depends on the ratio of SegWit transactions in the cube, and on the ratio of signature data.

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According to Hoenicke, if native SegWit addresses from Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0 are utilized, and SegWit adoption reaches 90% to 95%, a block size of up to 1.8 megabytes is possible.citation needed.

Satoshi Nakamoto stated in his white newspaper that:"The root problem with conventional currencies is all of the hope thats needed to make it work. The central bank must be trusted not to debase the currency, but the background of fiat currencies is filled with breaches of the trust. "123

According to the European Central Bank, the decentralization of money provided by bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics, particularly with Friedrich von Hayek in his book Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined,124 in which he advocates a complete free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end read the monopoly of central banks.125:22.

According to The New York Times, both libertarians and anarchists were drawn to the idea. Early bitcoin supporter Roger Ver said:"Initially, almost everyone who got involved did so for philosophical reasons. We watched bitcoin as a great idea, as a way to separate money from the state. "123 The Economist describes bitcoin as"a techno-anarchist job to make an online version of money, a means for people to transact with no possibility of interference from malicious governments or banks".126.

Nigel Dodd argues in The Social Life of Bitcoin that the essence of the bitcoin ideology would be to eliminate money from societal, as well as governmental, control.128 Dodd quotes a YouTube video, together with Roger Ver, Jeff Berwick, Charlie Shrem, Andreas Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Trace Meyer and other proponents of bitcoin reading The Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence.

Bitcoin undermines governments and disrupts institutions because bitcoin is fundamentally humanitarian. "128127.

David Golumbia says the ideas influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements like the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul and Tea Party-style libertarianism.129 Steve Bannon, who owns a"good stake" in bitcoin, considers it to be"disruptive populism.

It is revolutionary. "130.

But, researchers looking to uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google search data that this has been linked to libertarianism.131

Bitcoin is an electronic asset designed to operate in peer-to-peer transactions as a currency.5132 Bitcoins have three attributes useful in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they're"difficult to earn, limited in supply and simple to confirm".133 But as of 2015update bitcoin functions more as a payment processor than as a currency.13431.

Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account.135 According to The Economist in 2014, bitcoin functions best as a medium of exchange.135 But this can be debated,136 and a 2018 assessment from The Economist found that cryptocurrencies met none of these three standards.126.

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According to study by Cambridge University, between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users used a cryptocurrency wallet in 2017, most of these for bitcoin. The number of consumers has grown significantly since 2013, when there were 300,000 to 1.3 million users.12

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The overwhelming bulk of bitcoin transactions take place on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants.137 Delays processing payments throughout the blockchain of about ten minutes create bitcoin use very difficult in a retail setting. Rates are not typically quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or sometimes two, conversions into conventional currencies.31 Merchants that do accept bitcoin payments can use payment service providers to carry out the conversions.138.